Section 2 of the Factories and Commercial Premises Act
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Section 2 Interpretation 2.1 In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, "Award" means an award or collective agreement within the meaning
of the Industrial Relations Act 1973, and includes (a) An agreement filed under Part X of that Act; and (b) An order or determination as to conditions of employment
made under the State Services Conditions of Employment Act 1977 or the Post Office Act 1959; and (c) Regulations as to conditions of employment made under the
Government Railways Act 1949, the Hospitals Act 1957, or the Education Act 1964: "Bakehouse" means a place where food is baked, or prepared for baking, for sale for human consumption; but does not include a hotel or a restaurant:
"Business" means a profession, trade, manufacture, occupation, or work, carried on for pecuniary gain; and includes the operations
of a Department of State, local authority, public body, society, or other body of persons of any kind, whether incorporated or not and whether or not carried on for pecuniary gain:
"Chief Inspector" means the Chief Inspector of Factories appointed under section 4 (6) of this Act: "Cinema" means a place where there is carried on the business of
exhibiting films within the meaning of the Cinematograph Films Act 1976: "Code of practice" means a recommendation issued under section 50
(1) of this Act, and includes any part or parts of a code of practice, any amendment to a code of practice, and any revocation of a code of practice:
"Commercial depot" means a place where persons employed by its occupier who customarily work elsewhere than in that place come regularly as part of their duties, for the purpose of reporting
in or out, receiving instructions, or delivering or collecting goods or vehicles, or to which they are required to come for rest breaks:
"Factory", subject to subsections (2) to (6) of this section, means a place where more than one person is engaged, or where any person is employed, directly or indirectly, in the business of any handicraft, or in the business of preparing or
manufacturing goods for trade or sale; and (whatever number of persons is engaged or employed therein) includes (a) A bakehouse:
(b) A place where steam or other mechanical power or appliance is used for the purpose of preparing or manufacturing goods for trade or sale, or packing goods for transit:
(c) A place where electrical energy is generated or transformed as an illuminant or a motive power, for trade or sale, or where any form of gas is produced for like purposes:
(d) A laundry (whether or not the persons employed in it receive payment): (e) A place (not being a place on a farm) where the business of pasteurising milk is carried on:
(f) An abattoir within the meaning of the Meat Act 1964: (g) A place where any noxious handicraft, noxious process, or
noxious employment, is carried on: (h) A place where there is carried on (i) The business of spray-coating with a noxious or flammable substance; or
(ii) The business of the manufacture of fibre-reinforced plastic products; or (iii) Any business involving a process or manufacture
using asbestos: "Hospital" has the same meaning as in the Hospitals Act 1957: "Hotel" means a place in respect of which a hotel premises
licence, a tavern premises licence, or a tourist house premises licence under the Sale of Liquor Act 1962 is for the time being in force; and includes a place in which is carried on exclusively the business of a private hotel or boarding house,
and in which (a) The number of guests or boarders usually exceeds 4; or (b) The number of persons employed (other than members of the
family of the occupier) usually exceeds one;--- but where such a licence is held in respect of only part of a place, or where only part of a place is used for such a business, only that part shall constitute a hotel:
"Inspector" means an Inspector of Factories appointed under section 4 (1) of this Act; and includes the Chief Inspector and the Deputy Chief Inspector of Factories:
"Laboratory" does not include any place attached to or forming part of a university, school, or hospital, or occupied by the Crown:
"Laundry" means a place in which laundry work is performed for hire or reward: "Local authority", in relation to an undertaking, means the
territorial authority (within the meaning of the Local Government Act 1974) in whose district that undertaking is situated: "Medical Officer of Health" means a Medical Officer of Health
under the Health Act 1956: "Minister" means the Minister of Labour: "Noise" includes sound energy of any frequency, whether or not
capable of being perceived by the unaided human ear: "Noxious handicraft", "noxious process", and "noxious employment" include, respectively, a handicraft, process, or
employment, for the time being declared to be noxious by the Governor-General by Order in Council: "Occupier", in relation to any place, means the person occupying
that place, and includes any agent, manager, foreman, or other person, acting or apparently acting in the general management or control of that place; and where a place is occupied by a body
of persons, whether corporate or unincorporate, also includes the working manager: "Office" means a place in which any person is employed, directly
or indirectly, to do any clerical work in connection with any business carried on by the occupier of that place: "Place" includes any building, land, room, or undertaking, and any
part (whether separately divided or enclosed) of any building, land, room, or undertaking: "Restaurant" means any place other than a hotel where there is
carried on exclusively the business of selling meals or refreshments to the general public for consumption in that place: "Sanitary convenience" includes a urinal, a water closet, an earth
closet, a chemical toilet, a privy, and any similar convenience: "School" means a teachers' college, technical institute, community college, or secondary school, (within the meaning of the
Education Act 1964): "Secretary" means the Secretary of Labour: "Shop" means a place where goods are kept, exposed, or offered,
for sale by retail, or where any facility required by this Act to be provided or maintained in respect of a shop or the workers in it is situated, and includes a hairdressing salon and an auction mart; but does not include
(a) A private dwellinghouse in which the household effects of the owner or occupier are being sold by auction or otherwise; or (b) A place in which is carried on exclusively the business of
selling by auction agricultural or pastoral products, including livestock; or (c) A warehouse; or (d) A hotel; or
(e) A restaurant: "Store" means a place in which goods are kept; but does not include a shop or a warehouse:
"Theatre" does not include any place attached to or forming part of a university, school, or hospital: "Undertaking" means a place
(a) That is a bakehouse, a cinema, a commercial depot, a factory, a hotel, a laundry, a laboratory, a mailroom, an office, a restaurant, a shop, a store, a theatre, a telegraph office, a telex office, or a warehouse; or
(b) Where for pecuniary gain motor vehicles are repaired, serviced, or tested; or
(c) Where food is prepared or cooked, and sold in a form ready for immediate human consumption elsewhere than in that place: "University" has the same meaning as in the Universities Act 1961:
"Warehouse" means a place where goods are sold to persons who are dealers in goods of that kind and who buy those goods to sell again.
2.2 Except for the purposes of the Holidays Act 1981, no place shall be deemed to be a factory by virtue only of the fact that it is a place of one or more of the following kinds:
(a) A crushing plant associated with a mine (other than a coal mine) or a quarry: (b) A plant, associated with a mine (other than a coal mine) or a
quarry, where any mineral or stone won from that mine or quarry is washed or separated: (c) A place, associated with a mine (other than a coal mine) or a
quarry, where rough dressing or cutting of stone won from that mine or quarry is carried on: (d) A workshop, situated at a mine (other than a coal mine) or quarry,
or at the site of any drilling or prospecting for minerals (other than coal or hydrocarbons), in which there is carried on exclusively the maintenance of plant and equipment used at that mine, quarry, or site:
(e) A place where gold or any other mineral is dredged for: (f) A private dwellinghouse where its occupier works as a tailor or dressmaker:
(g) A place that is situated on a farm or orchard and used for grain drying, fruit packing, or honey packing:
(h) An electricity power station, or sub-station, that is unmanned except for the purposes of inspection or maintenance: (i) A cinema:
(j) A private dwellinghouse where its occupier does laundry for individual clients (not being work let out by some intermediate agent or principal):
(k) An occupational therapy workshop operated by a hospital board: (l) Any place occupied by a harbour board:
(m) A hotel, restaurant, cafeteria, or canteen where food baked or prepared is solely for consumption on the premises:
(n) A place where wreaths or bouquets are made up: (o) A pharmacy within the meaning of the Pharmacy Act 1970:
(p) A place where wool is classed: (q) A place on a farm where produce from that farm that is intended for the farmer's own use or consumption is dealt with or
processed, or where produce from several farms that is intended for the use or consumption of members of a co-operative comprising the persons farming those farms is dealt with or processed:
(r) A building or place where green hides are salted or packed: (s) A water pumping station:
(t) A shop in which sausages are manufactured for sale in that shop: (u) A shop where soft ice-cream is manufactured in, and dispensed
from, any machinery directly into cones or individual cartons: (v) A place where food is prepared or cooked (otherwise than by baking), and sold in a form ready for immediate human
consumption elsewhere than in the place: (w) A shearing shed within the meaning of the Shearers Act 1962:
(x) A place where combustible gas is produced from biological materials for (i) Uses as a fuel by the occupier of that place; or
(ii) Use for the generation of electricity for consumption by the occupier of that place: (y) A building in the course of construction:
(z) A temporary workshop or shed for workmen engaged in the construction of any building. 2.3 Subject to subsection (4) of this section, on the recommendation of the Minister the Governor-General may, by Order in Council, declare
that any specified place, or any place of a specified class, (being a place or, as the case requires, class of place, connected with the production of energy, the production, extraction, or mining of any fuel
for the production of energy, or the drilling or prospecting for any such fuel) is not a factory; and, for the purposes of this Act but not the purposes of the Holidays Act 1981, every place, and every place of a
class, for the time being so declared shall be deemed not to be a factory. 2.4 The Minister shall make no recommendation under subsection (3) of
this section unless he is satisfied that there exist elsewhere than in this Act sufficient statutory safeguards of the safety, health, and welfare of persons employed in or about the place or class of place to which the declaration concerned relates.
2.5 On the commencement of this Act, there shall be deemed to have been made under subsection (3) of this section an Order in Council declaring that every place that is
(a) A crushing plant associated with a coal mine; or (b) A plant, associated with a coal mine, where any coal won from that mine is washed or separated; or
(c) A workshop situated at a coal mine or hydrocarbon well, or at the site of any drilling or prospecting for coal or hydrocarbons, in which there is carried on exclusively the maintenance of plant
and equipment used at that mine, well, or site--- is not a factory; but any such Order in Council made after the commencement of this Act may revoke any of the foregoing paragraphs of this subsection.
2.6 Except for the purposes of the Holidays Act 1981, no place shall be deemed to be a factory by virtue only of the fact that it is a place where goods are manufactured for sale, if
(a) All the goods so manufactured are produced by hand, or by the use of mechanical appliances that (i) Do not produce the goods in a repetitive manner through the use of jigs, templates, moulds, patterns, dies, jolleys, or
other similar devices, except to the extent that such devices may be used to produce an original or first unit; and (ii) Produce the goods through the direct control of the
operator of those appliances; and (iii) Do not produce the goods according to a pre-determined pattern for production run purposes; and
(b) All the goods so manufactured are produced by persons each of whom designs and has complete and variable control over every stage of the production of all the goods he produces; and
(c) No person is employed in the production of any of the goods so manufactured; and (d) No noxious handicraft or noxious process is involved in the
production of any of the goods so manufactured. 2.7 For the purposes of this Act, a person who comes regularly, as part of his duties or for required rest breaks, to a commercial depot
occupied by his employer shall be deemed to be employed in that commercial depot. 2.8 Where the operations of an undertaking are carried on in several
adjacent places, those places shall together be deemed to constitute a single undertaking, notwithstanding that they may in fact be separated by a road, street, river, or stream, or by any place not forming part of the undertaking.
2.9 For the purposes of Parts III and IV of this Act, while any school pupil is placed in any undertaking as part of a work experience scheme
or work exploration scheme, that pupil shall be deemed to be employed in that undertaking; and the provisions of those Parts of this Act shall apply to that pupil accordingly.
Cf. 1946, No. 43, ss. 2, 3; 1955, No. 32, s. 2 |