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Employment Relations Act 2000
Part 11 General Provisions
  Table Of Contents   Part 6 Individual Employees   Schedule 1 Essential Services
  Part 1 Key Provisions   Part 7 Education Leave   Schedule 2 Employment Authority
  Part 2 Preliminary Provisions   Part 8 Strikes And Lockouts   Schedule 3 Employment Court
  Part 3 Freedom Of Association   Part 9 Disputes And Enforcement   Schedule 4 Changes to Police Act
  Part 4 Operation Of Unions   Part 10 Institutions   Schedule 5 Enactments Amended
  Part 5 Collective Bargaining   Part 11 General Provisions   Schedule 6 Enactments Repealed

Part 11 General Provisions

Labour Inspectors
 Section 223 - Labour Inspectors
Demand notices
 Section 224 - Demand notice
 Section 225 - Objections to demand notice
 Section 226 - Authority to determine objection
 Section 227 - Withdrawal of demand notice
Actions to recover wages or holiday pay
 Section 228 - Actions by Labour Inspector
Powers
 Section 229 - Powers of Labour Inspectors
 Section 230 - Entry of dwellinghouses
 Section 231 - Entry warrant
 Section 232 - Compilation of wages and time record
 Section 233 - Obligations of Labour Inspectors
 Section 234 - Circumstances in which officers directors or agents of company liable for minimum wages and holiday pay
 Section 235 - Obstruction
Representation
 Section 236 - Representation
Miscellaneous provisions
 Section 237 - Regulations
 Section 238 - No contracting out
 Section 239 - New Schedule 3 substituted in Police Act 1958
 Section 240 - Consequential amendments
 Section 241 - Repeals
Transitional provisions
 Section 242 - Enforcement of existing individual employment contracts
 Section 243 - Enforcement of existing collective employment contracts
 Section 244 - Existing collective employment contracts and collective bargaining
 Section 245 - Existing procedures in relation to disputes and personal grievances
 Section 246 - Expiration of existing collective employment contracts
 Section 247 - Existing proceedings
 Section 248 - Existing causes of action
 Section 249 - Employment Tribunal
 Section 250 - Exercise of powers of Employment Tribunal after 31 January 2001
 Section 251 - Exercise of powers of Authority before close of 31 January 2001
 Section 252 - Exercise by Authority of powers of Tribunal after 31 January 2001
 Section 253 - Existing appointments
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Labour Inspectors
Section 223
Labour Inspectors

(1) The chief executive may designate as Labour Inspectors such employees of the Department as the chief executive from time to time considers necessary for the purposes of

(a) this Act; and

(b) the Equal Pay Act 1972; and

(c) the Holidays Act 2003 ; and

(d) the Minimum Wage Act 1983; and

(e) the Volunteers Employment Protection Act 1973; and

(f) the Wages Protection Act 1983.

(2) Every Labour Inspector is to have a warrant of designation signed by the chief executive and must produce it for inspection if requested to do so in the course of the Labour Inspector's duties.

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Demand notices
Section 224
Demand Notice

(1) A Labour Inspector (or a person authorised by a Labour Inspector to do so) may serve on an employer a demand notice, in the prescribed form, if

(a) an employee makes a complaint to the Labour Inspector, or the Labour Inspector believes on reasonable grounds, that an employee has not received wages or holiday pay or other money payable by the employer to the employee under the Minimum Wage Act 1983 or the Holidays Act 2003 ; and

(b) the Labour Inspector has given the employer not less than 7 days to comment on the complaint or the grounds for the Labour Inspector's belief; and

(c) the Labour Inspector, after considering any comments made by the employer under paragraph (b), is satisfied that the employee is entitled to the wages or holiday pay or other money; and

(d) the Labour Inspector is satisfied that the employer is not willing to pay the wages or holiday pay or other money to the employee in a reasonable manner or within a reasonable time.

(2) A demand notice must be served

(a) by giving it to the employer concerned; or

(b) if the employer does not accept the demand notice, by leaving it in the employer's presence and drawing the employer's attention to it.

(3) A demand notice may not be served in the period commencing on 17 December and ending with the close of 8 January in the following year.

(4) A demand notice has no effect to the extent, if any, that it claims money (being wages or holiday pay or other money) that was payable more than 6 years earlier than the date on which the demand notice is served on the employer concerned.

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Section 225
Objections To Demand Notice

(1) An employer may lodge with the Authority an objection to a demand notice.

(2) An objection must be lodged by an employer with the Authority within 28 days after the demand notice is served on the employer.

(3) A demand notice has the consequences specified in subsection (4)

(a) if no objection is lodged before the close of the period specified in subsection (2); or

(b) if any objection lodged before the close of the period specified in subsection (2) is withdrawn (whether before or after the close of that period).

(4) The consequences are that the demand notice

(a) imposes a legal requirement on the employer to comply with it; and

(b) is prima facie evidence before the Court or the Authority or (for the purposes of paragraph (d), before a District Court) that the employer owes to the employee the wages or holiday pay or other money specified in the notice; and

(c) may be enforced by the making by the Authority of a compliance order under section 137 ; and

(d) is enforceable as a judgment debt under section 141 (which applies with any necessary modifications).

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Section 226
Authority To Determine Objection

(1) The function of the Authority in respect of an objection is to determine whether or not the whole or part of the wages or holiday pay or other money specified in the notice is due to the employee by the employer and, if so, the amount payable.

(2) A determination by the Authority that any wages or holiday pay or other money is due is enforceable as a judgment debt under section 141 (which applies with any necessary modifications).

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Section 227
Withdrawal Of Demand Notice

A demand notice may be withdrawn at any time by a Labour Inspector, but the withdrawal of a demand notice does not prevent another demand notice being served in relation to the same matter.

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Actions to recover wages or holiday pay etc
Section 228
Actions By Labour Inspector

(1) A Labour Inspector may commence an action in the name and on behalf of an employee to recover any wages or holiday pay or other money payable by an employer to that employee under the Minimum Wage Act 1983 or the Holidays Act 2003

(2) If a Labour Inspector commences an action under subsection (1), the Labour Inspector must not issue a demand notice under section 224 in respect of the same wages or holiday pay or other money.

(3) Sections 131 and 132 apply, with the necessary modifications, to actions commenced under subsection (1).

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Powers
Section 229
Powers Of Labour Inspectors

(1) For the purpose of performing his or her functions and duties under any Act specified in section 223(1), every Labour Inspector has, subject to sections 230 to 233, the following powers:

(a) the power to enter, at any reasonable hour, any premises where any person is employed or where the Labour Inspector has reasonable cause to believe that any person is employed, accompanied, if the Labour Inspector thinks fit, by any other employee of the Department qualified to assist or by a member of the police:

(b) the power to interview any person at any premises of the kind described in paragraph (a) and the power to interview any employer or any employee:

(c) the power to require the production of, and to inspect and take copies from,

(i) any wages and time record or any holiday book whether kept under this Act or any other Act:

(ii) any other document held which records the remuneration of any employees:

(d) the power to require any employer to supply to the Labour Inspector a copy of the wages and time record or employment agreement or both of any employee of that employer:

(e) the power to inspect, and take copies of, any record kept under section 98 of strikes and lockouts:

(f) the power to question any employer about compliance with any of the Acts referred to in section 223(1).

(2) Where any Labour Inspector makes any requirement of an employer under subsection (1)(c) or subsection (1)(d), that employer must forthwith comply with that requirement.

(3) Every employer who, without reasonable cause, fails to comply with any requirement made of that employer under subsection (1)(c) or subsection (1)(d) is liable to a penalty under this Act imposed by the Authority.

(4) Where a Labour Inspector alleges that any person has not observed or not complied with any provision of section 130(1) or of subsection (2) of this section or of any of the Acts referred to in section 223(1), that Labour Inspector may commence proceedings against that other person in respect of the non-observance or non-compliance by applying to the Authority under section 137 for an order of the kind described in subsection (1) of that section, and the provisions of that section apply accordingly with all necessary modifications.

(5) No person is, on examination or inquiry under this section, required to give to any question any answer tending to incriminate that person.

(6) Despite subsection (1), the power of a Labour Inspector to enter any defence area within the meaning of the Defence Act 1990 is subject to any regulations made under section 93 of that Act.

(7) A Labour Inspector may recover a penalty under this Act in the Authority for a breach of any provision that provides for the imposition of a penalty and is a provision of any of the Acts referred to in section 223(1).

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Section 230
Entry Of Dwellinghouses

No Labour Inspector may, under section 229, enter in or be on any dwellinghouse unless he or she either

(a) has the consent of an occupier of that dwellinghouse; or

(b) is authorised to do so by a warrant issued under section 231.

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Section 231
Entry Warrant

A Judge who, on application made on oath, is satisfied that there is reasonable ground for believing that a dwellinghouse

(a) is a place in which any person is employed; or

(b) is the only practicable means through which a place in which any person is employed may be entered,

may issue a warrant authorising a Labour Inspector named in it to enter that dwellinghouse or any part of that dwellinghouse that is, or is the only practicable means through which the Inspector may enter, a place where any person is employed.

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Section 232
Compilation Of Wages And Time Record

(1) Where an employer fails to produce, in response to a requirement under section 229(1)(c)(i), a wages and time record or, in response to a requirement under section 229(1)(d), a copy of a wages and time record, a Labour Inspector may, by written notice given to that employer, require that employer

(a) to compile a wages and time record; and

(b) to deliver a written copy of the record compiled under paragraph (a) to the Labour Inspector.

(2) The notice must specify

(a) the employee in respect of which, and the period in relation to which, the wages and time record must be compiled; and

(b) the date by which the wages and time record must be both compiled and delivered to the Labour Inspector (which date must be at least 30 days after the date of the notice).

(3) If an employer fails to comply with a notice under subsection (1), written evidence of the contents of the employer's wages and time record, in relation to the period specified in the notice, may not, in any proceedings under this Act, be produced by the employer without the consent of the other party or parties or the leave of the Authority.

(4) Every employer who, without reasonable cause, fails to comply with a notice given to that employer under subsection (1) is liable to a penalty under this Act imposed by the Authority.

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Section 233
Obligations Of Labour Inspectors

(1) In entering any premises under the authority of section 229(1)(a) or under the authority of a warrant issued under section 231, a Labour Inspector is bound by any existing reasonable safety and health procedures and requirements applying at the premises and, to the extent that such procedures or requirements reasonably limit or prohibit the entry of persons other than employees to particular parts of the premises, may not enter such parts.

(2) Every Labour Inspector who enters any premises under the authority of section 229(1)(a) or under the authority of a warrant issued under section 231 must, on first entering those premises, and, if requested, at any subsequent time, produce to the employer or a representative of the employer that person's warrant under section 223(2) or the warrant issued under section 231, as the case may require.

(3) Where a Labour Inspector enters any premises under the authority of section 229(1)(a) or under the authority of a warrant issued under section 231 and is unable, despite reasonable efforts, to find at those premises the employer or any representative of the employer, that Labour Inspector must, after the entry and inspection and before leaving those premises, leave at those premises a written notice addressed to the employer.

(4) That written notice must state

(a) the identity of the person who entered the premises; and

(b) the fact that the person is a Labour Inspector; and

(c) the date and time of the entry; and

(d) the reasons for the entry.

(5) Except for the purposes of an Act specified in section 223(1), any Labour Inspector who inspects, or is supplied with a copy of, any document pursuant to section 229 must not disclose to any person any information obtained as a result of the inspection of the document or the supply of the copy.

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Section 234
Circumstances In Which Officers Directors Or Agents Of Company Liable For Minimum Wages And Holiday Pay

(1) This section applies in any case where a Labour Inspector commences an action in the Authority against a company to recover any money payable by way of minimum wages or holiday pay to an employee of the company.

(2) Where, in any case to which this section applies, the Labour Inspector establishes on the balance of probabilities that the amount claimed in the action by way of minimum wages or holiday pay or both is, if judgment is given for that amount, unlikely to be paid in full, whether because

(a) the company is in receivership or liquidation; or

(b) there are reasonable grounds for believing that the company does not have sufficient assets to pay that amount in full,

the Authority may authorise the Labour Inspector to bring an action for the recovery of that amount against any officer, director, or agent of the company who has directed or authorised the default in payment of the minimum wages or holiday pay or both.

(3) Where, in any action authorised under subsection (2), it is proved that the officer, director, or agent of the company against whom the action is brought directed or authorised the default in payment of the minimum wages or holiday pay or both, that officer, director, or agent is with the company (and any other officer, director, or agent of the company who directed or authorised the default in payment) jointly and severally liable to pay the amounts recoverable in the action and judgment may be given accordingly.

(4) In this section,

company has the meaning given to it by section 2(1) of the Receiverships Act 1993

holiday pay means any amount payable under the Holidays Act 2003 to an employee as pay for an annual holiday or public holiday

minimum wages means minimum wages payable under the Minimum Wage Act 1983.

(5) Nothing in this section affects any other remedies for the recovery of wages or holiday pay or other money payable by a company to any employee of that company.

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Section 235
Obstruction

(1) A person commits an offence who, without reasonable cause,

(a) obstructs, delays, hinders, or deceives; or

(b) causes to be obstructed, delayed, hindered, or deceived,

any Labour Inspector while the Labour Inspector is lawfully exercising or performing any power, function, or duty.

(2) A person who commits an offence against subsection (1) is liable on conviction by the Court to a fine not exceeding $10,000.

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Representation
Section 236
Representation

(1) Where any Act to which this section applies confers on any employee the right to do anything or take any action

(a) in respect of an employer; or

(b) in the Authority or the Court,

that employee may choose any other person to represent the employee for the purpose.

(2) Where any Act to which this section applies confers on an employer the right to do anything or take any action

(a) in respect of an employee; or

(b) in the Authority or the Court,

that employer may choose any other person to represent that employer for the purpose.

(3) Any person purporting to represent any employee or employer must establish that person's authority for that representation.

(4) The Acts to which this section applies are

(a) this Act:

(b) the Accident Insurance Act 1998:

(c) the Equal Pay Act 1972:

(d) the Holidays Act 2003 :

(e) the Human Rights Act 1993:

(f) the Minimum Wage Act 1983:

(g) the Parental Leave and Employment Protection Act 1987:

(h) the Police Act 1958:

(i) the State Sector Act 1988:

(j) the Wages Protection Act 1983.

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Miscellaneous provisions
Section 237
Regulations

The Governor-General may from time to time, by Order in Council, make regulations for all or any of the following purposes:

(a) prescribing the forms for the purposes of this Act:

(b) prescribing the duties of officers of the Authority, of the Registrar of the Court, and of any other officers or persons acting in execution of this Act:

(c) prescribing any act or thing necessary to supplement or render more effectual the provisions of this Act as to the conduct of proceedings before the Authority or the Court:

(d) prescribing the procedure in relation to the conduct of matters before the Authority or the Court:

(e) prescribing procedures in relation to the issue of summonses to witnesses and to the hearing of evidence on oath:

(f) prescribing charges or fees in relation to

(i) services provided by the chief executive under this Act; or

(ii) the functions of the Authority or the Court:

(g) providing for such matters as are contemplated by or necessary for giving full effect to the provisions of this Act and for its due administration.

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Section 238
No Contracting Out

The provisions of this Act have effect despite any provision to the contrary in any contract or agreement.

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Section 239
New Schedule 3 Substituted In Police Act 1958

The Police Act 1958 is amended by repealing the Third Schedule, and substituting the Schedule 3 set out in Schedule 4.

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Section 240
Consequential Amendments

The enactments specified in Schedule 5 are amended in the manner indicated in that schedule.

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Section 241
Repeals

The enactments specified in Schedule 6 are repealed.

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Transitional provisions
Section 242
Enforcement Of Existing Individual Employment Contracts

(1) Every individual employment contract within the meaning of the Employment Contracts Act 1991 that is in force immediately before the commencement of this Act continues in force according to its tenor and is enforceable in the Authority or the Court.

(2) Part 6 does not apply in relation to any individual employment contract to which subsection (1) applies.

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Section 243
Enforcement Of Existing Collective Employment Contracts

(1) Every collective employment contract within the meaning of the Employment Contracts Act 1991 that is in force immediately before the commencement of this Act continues in force according to its tenor and is enforceable in the Authority or the Court.

(2) This section is subject to sections 244 to 246.

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Section 244
Existing Collective Employment Contracts And Collective Bargaining

Subject to section 246, a collective employment contract that is continued in force by section 243 is, for the purpose of sections 40(2) and 41 and Part 8, to be treated as if it were a collective agreement and as if the date of the expiry of that collective agreement were the earlier of

(a) the date on which the collective employment contract is expressed to expire; or

(b) 31 July 2003.

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Section 245
Existing Procedures In Relation To Disputes And Personal Grievances

(1) Subject to sections 247 and 248, the grievance and disputes procedures that, under section 32 or section 44 of the Employment Contracts Act 1991, are contained

(a) in any individual employment contract that is continued in force by section 242 ; or

(b) in any collective employment contract that is continued in force by section 243

are, as from the commencement of this Act, of no effect.

(2) Subject to sections 247 and 248,

(a) the parties to every individual employment contract that is continued in force by section 242 ; and

(b) the parties to every collective employment contract that is continued in force by section 243

are, as from the commencement of this Act, subject to the problem resolution regime provided for in this Act.

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Section 246
Expiration Of Existing Collective Employment Contracts

(1) Where any employees who are covered by a collective employment contract that is continued in force by section 243 are members of a union,

(a) an employer of employees covered by that collective employment contract; or

(b) a union whose members are bound by that collective employment contract

may conduct a secret ballot of such of the employees covered by that collective employment contract as are members of the union for the purpose of determining whether a majority of those employees is in favour of the date of the expiry of that collective employment contract being 1 July 2001 or some other specified date (being a date after 1 July 2001 but before the date on which that collective employment contract is expressed to expire).

(2) Subject to subsection (3), where a majority of the valid votes recorded in any secret ballot conducted for the purposes of subsection (1) is in favour of the date of the expiry of the collective employment contract to which the ballot relates being 1 July 2001 or some other specified date, that date becomes, in relation to such of the employees of the employer as are immediately before that date members of the union in respect of which the ballot was conducted, the date of the expiry of that collective employment contract and that collective employment contract is deemed to have been amended accordingly.

(3) Where the date of the expiry of a collective employment contract is changed under subsection (2), that collective employment contract

(a) does not expire in respect of any employee of the employer who is covered by the collective employment contract but who, immediately before the new date of the expiry of the collective employment contract, is not a member of the union in respect of whose members the ballot was conducted; but

(b) continues in force according to its tenor in relation to any employee to whom paragraph (a) applies; but

(c) if the union in respect of whose members the ballot was conducted was a party to the collective employment contract, that union ceases, on the new date of expiry, to be a party to the collective employment contract.

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Section 247
Existing Proceedings

(1) All applications, actions, appeals, proceedings, and other matters under any Act which, before the commencement of this section, have been made or referred under the Employment Contracts Act 1991 or any other Act amended or repealed by that Act or by this Act to the Court of Appeal or the Employment Court or the Employment Tribunal, and which have not been determined or completed at the commencement of this section are to be determined or completed by the Court of Appeal, Employment Court, or Employment Tribunal, as the case may require, as if this Act had not been passed.

(2) Subsection (1) is subject to sections 249 to 252.

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Section 248
Existing Causes Of Action

(1) Subject to the applicable period of limitation, the repeal by this Act of any existing Act or provision does not extinguish any existing cause of action.

(2) Where any cause of action has arisen before the commencement of this section under any of the provisions repealed by this Act and at that date no proceedings have been initiated in respect of that cause of action under those provisions, those provisions continue to apply to any proceedings commenced in respect of any such cause of action as if this Act had not been passed.

(3) Subsection (2) is subject to sections 249 to 252 and subsection (4) of this section.

(4) Where any cause of action has arisen before the commencement of this section in relation to the dismissal of an employee, proceedings in the Employment Tribunal in respect of that cause of action,

(a) if commenced before the close of 30 June 2001, may be other than in accordance with section 113(1) ; but

(b) if commenced after 30 June 2001, must be in accordance with section 113(1) and Part 9.

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Section 249
Employment Tribunal

Despite the repeals effected by this Act, the Employment Tribunal is to remain in office until the close of 31 January 2001 for the purpose of

(a) determining or completing any proceedings under section 247 that are within the jurisdiction of the Employment Tribunal:

(b) determining or completing any proceedings in relation to a cause of action of the type referred to in section 248 that are within the jurisdiction of the Employment Tribunal:

(c) exercising any other jurisdiction given to it by this Act,

and for those purposes the Employment Tribunal has all necessary powers, and may exercise, despite the repeals effected by this Act, the powers conferred on the Employment Tribunal by the repealed enactments, which apply accordingly with all necessary modifications.

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Section 250
Exercise Of Powers Of Employment Tribunal After 31 January 2001

(1) Despite the repeals effected by this Act, temporary members of the Employment Tribunal may be appointed from time to time under section 87 of the Employment Contracts Act 1991 and the provisions of that Act, including, in particular, the provisions of sections 84, 86, and 92, apply in relation to any temporary members so appointed as if that Act had not been repealed.

(2) An appointment under subsection (1) may be made before or after the close of 31 January 2001.

(3) Where any person appointed as a temporary member of the Employment Tribunal under subsection (1) is a person who, immediately before the commencement of this Act, held office as a member of the Employment Tribunal, the conditions of service of every such temporary member (except those as to his or her term of office) are to be the same as they would have been if both periods of service as a member of the Employment Tribunal had been continuous.

(4) Any temporary member of the Employment Tribunal who is in office after the close of 31 January 2001 by virtue of an appointment under subsection (1) has jurisdiction, in the name of the Employment Tribunal,

(a) to determine or complete any proceedings under section 247 that are not determined before the close of 31 January 2001:

(b) to determine or complete any proceedings in relation to a cause of action of the type referred to in section 248 that are within the jurisdiction of the Employment Tribunal:

(c) to exercise any other jurisdiction conferred on any such temporary member by this Act.

(5) For the purposes of subsection (4), any temporary member of the Employment Tribunal to whom subsection (4) applies has and may, exercise, despite the repeals effected by this Act, the powers conferred on the Employment Tribunal by the repealed enactments, which apply accordingly with all necessary modifications.

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Section 251
Exercise Of Powers Of Authority Before Close Of 31 January 2001

(1) The Chief of the Employment Tribunal may, at any time before the close of 31 January 2001,

(a) exercise in the name of the Authority, such of the jurisdiction and the powers of the Authority as the Chief of the Employment Tribunal thinks fit; or

(b) appoint any member or temporary member of the Employment Tribunal to exercise, in the name of the Authority, in the period beginning on 2 October 2000 and ending with the close of 31 January 2001, such of the powers of the Authority as the Chief of the Employment Tribunal thinks fit; or

(c) both exercise jurisdiction and powers under paragraph (a) and make appointments under paragraph (b).

(2) The Chief of the Authority may appoint any member or temporary member of the Employment Tribunal to exercise, in the name of the Authority, in the period specified in subsection (1)(b), such of the jurisdiction and the powers of the Authority as the Chief of the Authority thinks fit.

(3) Any appointment made under subsection (1)(b) or subsection (2), unless sooner revoked by the Chief of the Employment Tribunal or the Chief of the Employment Authority, expires with the close of 31 January 2001.

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Section 252
Exercise By Authority Of Powers Of Tribunal After 31 January 2001

Despite the repeals effected by this Act, the Chief of the Authority may from time to time appoint any member of the Authority

(a) to determine and complete, in the name of the Employment Tribunal, any proceedings under section 247 that are not determined either before the close of 31 January 2001 by the Employment Tribunal or after the close of 31 January 2001 by a temporary member of the Employment Tribunal appointed under section 250 :

(b) to exercise any other jurisdiction conferred on the Employment Tribunal or any temporary member of the Employment Tribunal by this Act.

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Section 253
Existing Appointments

(1) The person who immediately before 2 October 2000 holds office as the Chief Judge of the Employment Court constituted by the Employment Contracts Act 1991 is, without further appointment, deemed as from the commencement of that day to have been duly appointed as the Chief Judge of the Employment Court under this Act.

(2) The persons who immediately before 2 October 2000 hold office as Judges (other than temporary Judges) of the Employment Court constituted under the Employment Contracts Act 1991 are, without further appointment, deemed as from the commencement of that day to have been appointed as Judges of the Employment Court constituted under this Act.

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End of Part 11

  Table Of Contents   Part 6 Individual Employees   Schedule 1 Essential Services
  Part 1 Key Provisions   Part 7 Education Leave   Schedule 2 Employment Authority
  Part 2 Preliminary Provisions   Part 8 Strikes And Lockouts   Schedule 3 Employment Court
  Part 3 Freedom Of Association   Part 9 Disputes And Enforcement   Schedule 4 Changes to Police Act
  Part 4 Operation Of Unions   Part 10 Institutions   Schedule 5 Enactments Amended
  Part 5 Collective Bargaining   Part 11 General Provisions   Schedule 6 Enactments Repealed
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